ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the incidence of asthma and the characteristics of acute attacks in children aged 3-14 in different administrative areas of Wuxi, and to analyze the correlation of asthma with the outdoor environmental factors.Methods:A total of 10 175 children aged 3-14 were randomly selected from 5 different administrative regions in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province for childhood asthma epidemiological survey from January to December in 2017.Results:The complete questionnaires were collected from 8 318 children with a response rate of 81.70%.There were 6 734 valid questionnaires.Asthma occurred to 259 children, and the prevalence rate was 3.84%.The prevalence of asthma in male and female children was 4.89% (163 cases) and 2.82% (96 cases), respectively.The ratio of male patients to female patients was 1.70∶1.00, and the difference was significant ( χ2=19.72, P<0.01). Children were most prone to suffer from asthma attacks at the turn of seasons (87/259 cases, 33.59%). The frequency of asthma was the lowest from June to August (9/259 cases, 3.47%). Among 244 cases attacked by acute asthma, the prevailing time period of acute attacks was irregular in 88 patients (36.07%), bedtime in 64 cases (26.23%). In different regions of the city, the lowest prevalence rate of asthma was found in Binhu District (50/1 830 cases, 2.73%), the highest prevalence rate of asthma was found in Xinwu District (71/1 502 cases, 4.72%), the difference between the highest and lowest prevalence rates of asthma was significant ( χ2=13.19, P<0.05). In terms of the air quality in different admi-nistrative regions of Wuxi, the nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) concentration, the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, PM 10 and PM 2.5 in Binhu District were lower than other 4 regions.In different seasons in Wuxi city, the sulfur dioxide(SO 2) concentration, the NO 2 concentration, the CO concentration, PM 10 and PM 2.5 from June to August were significantly lower than those in other months.The prevalence of asthma in children in different administrative districts of Wuxi was weakly positively correlated with the SO 2 concentration, the NO 2 concentration and PM 10 ( r=0.10, P<0.01; r=0.22, P<0.01; r=0.06, P<0.01, respectively). The prevalence of asthma was weakly negatively associated with the ozone(O 3) concentration ( r=-0.06, P<0.01). Acute asthma attacks were weakly positively correlated with the SO 2 concentration ( r=0.22, P<0.01), the NO 2 concentration ( r=0.28, P<0.01), the CO concentration ( r=0.23, P<0.01), PM 10 ( r=0.18, P<0.01) and PM 2.5 ( r=0.18, P<0.01), and weakly negatively correlated with the O 3 concentration ( r=-0.40, P<0.01). Conclusions:The prevalence of asthma in Wuxi is higher in boys than in girls, and the frequency of asthma attacks is related to the season.The SO 2, NO 2, CO, PM 10, PM 2.5 and O 3 concentration affect the prevalence and acute attacks of asthma.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect and safety of dexmedetomidine combined with dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision in children .Methods 130 children with circumcision were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the digital table ,65 cases in each group .The control group received total inhalation of seven halothane anesthesia ,and the observation group received dexmedetomidine combined with dorsal penile nerve block anesthesia .The efficacy and safety of the two groups were compared .Results In the observation group after induction,the mean arterial pressure[(69.89 ±5.24)mmHg],awake and mean arterial pressure[(70.14 ± 5.30)mmHg],rhythm of the heart after induction [(100.36 ±10.67)times/min],the rhythm of the heart when they woke up[(102.64 ±10.58) times/min],blood oxygen saturation after induction [(98.25 ±0.63)％],awake and blood oxygen saturation[(98.64 ±0.66)％]and other signs of vital signs had no statistically significant differences compared with the control group (F=0.130,0.215,0.548,0.613,0.106,0.257,all P>0.05).In the observation group,the eyelash reflex disappearing time , operation time, awakening time were ( 23.16 ±2.13 ) s, ( 9.70 ± 1.24)min,(10.03 ±1.27)min,respectively,which in the control group were(27.98 ±3.87)s,(11.88 ±2.87)min, (11.89 ±3.87) min,respectively,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups ( t=8.797, 5.621,6.633,all P<0.05).In the observation group,the postoperative agitation score ,sedation score,pain score were(2.75 ±1.25)points,(1.11 ±0.13)points,(5.26 ±1.44)points,respectively,which in the control group were (6.78 ±2.89) points,(1.11 ±0.13) points,(8.97 ±3.64) points,respectively,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (t =10.318,17.236,10.318,all P <0.05).Conclusion Application of dexmedetomidine combined with penile dorsal nerve block anesthesia in pediatric circumcision takes effect quickly , children with stable vital signs ,less postoperative agitation ,it is worthy of popularization and application in clinic .